ABSTRACT
Post-transplant complications such as graft-versus-host disease and graft ischemia-reperfusion injury are crucial challenges in transplantation. Hydrogen can act as a potential antioxidant, playing a preventive role against post-transplant complications in animal models of multiple organ transplantation. Herein, the authors review the current literature regarding the effects of hydrogen on graft ischemia-reperfusion injury and graft-versus-host disease. Existing data on the effects of hydrogen on ischemia-reperfusion injury related to organ transplantation are specifically reviewed and coupled with further suggestions for future work. The reviewed studies showed that hydrogen (inhaled or dissolved in saline) improved the outcomes of organ transplantation by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation at both the transplanted organ and the systemic levels. In conclusion, a substantial body of experimental evidence suggests that hydrogen can significantly alleviate transplantation-related ischemia-reperfusion injury and have a therapeutic effect on graft-versus-host disease, mainly via inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion and reduction of oxidative stress through several underlying mechanisms. Further animal experiments and preliminary human clinical trials will lay the foundation for hydrogen use as a drug in the clinic.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control , Hydrogen/therapeutic use , Organ Transplantation/adverse effects , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Cytokines/analysis , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Primary isolated bone marrow disease as a presenting feature of lymphoma is very rare. We describe the case of a Chinese with isolated bone marrow small B-cell lymphoma as a first manifestation. A 55-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with fever. Her peripheral blood smear and laboratory findings were suggestive of bicytopenia. Bone marrow specimen showed diffusely distributed small-sized lymphocytes. Combined with immunophenotypic and chromosomal analysis, a diagnosis of primary bone marrow B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was made. The patient was treated with R-CHOP (rituximab and cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vindesine, and prednisone) regimen for six cycles. She had complete remission and is still alive without relapse. We concluded that primary bone marrow mature small B-cell lymphoma is a rare but distinctive subtype of lymphoma. The prognosis for this entity is poor but rituximab-based treatment is promising for improving its outcomes.
La enfermedad aislada primaria de la médula ósea como rasgo de manifestación del linfoma es muy rara. Describimos el caso de una paciente china con linfoma aislado de células B pequeñas en la médula como una primera manifestación. Se trata de una mujer de 55 años que ingresara a nuestro hospital con fiebre. El frotis de sangre periférica y los hallazgos de laboratorio apuntaban a una bicitopenia. El espécimen de la médula ósea mostró la presencia de linfocitos de pequeño tamaño distribuidos de manera difusa. En combinación con un análisis inmunofenotípico y un análisis cromosómico, se realizó un diagnóstico de linfoma primario no Hodgkin de células B de la médula ósea. La paciente recibió como tratamiento un régimen de seis ciclos de R-CHOP (rituximab, ciclofosfamida, epirubicina, vindesina, y prednisona). Esto le permitió alcanzar una remisión completa, y todavía está viva sin que se haya producido recaída alguna. Concluimos que el linfoma primario de células B pequeñas maduras de la médula ósea es un subtipo raro pero particular de linfoma. La prognosis para esta entidad es pobre, pero el tratamiento a base de rituximab re-basado resulta promisorio en cuanto a mejorar su evolución clínica.